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The nucleus is the cellular structure that contains the genetic material, specifically the DNA, which is organized into chromosomes. This DNA holds the instructions needed for the development, functioning, and reproduction of the cell and the organism as a whole. The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and mediating the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.

Protoplasm refers to the living contents of a cell, which includes both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but it does not specifically denote the genetic material itself. Cytoplasm is the thick fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the nucleus, providing a medium for chemical reactions and housing various organelles, but it does not contain the genetic material. Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, and while they are vital for cellular function, they do not contain genetic material. Thus, the nucleus is identified as the key location where the genetic information is stored and processed in a cell.