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How are viruses typically transmitted?

  1. Via contaminated surfaces

  2. Through direct contact with infected individuals

  3. Air, dust, or the substance in which they settle

  4. By sharing personal items

The correct answer is: Air, dust, or the substance in which they settle

Viruses are typically transmitted through air, dust, or similar mediums in which they can settle. This mode of transmission is particularly relevant for respiratory viruses, which can be aerosolized and inhaled by individuals nearby. For example, when an infected person coughs or sneezes, they release droplets that can contain viruses. These droplets can linger in the air for a time or settle on surfaces, contributing to the potential for infection. While other methods mentioned, such as direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces, are also valid ways that viruses can be transmitted, they are not as universally applicable as air transmission. In many instances, particularly with airborne diseases, the primary mode of spread is through the air, making option C stand out as a comprehensive answer regarding virus transmission methods.