PSI Barbering Practice Exam

Which of the following are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes?

1. Bleach

2. Phenolic disinfectants

3. Quats

4. Antiseptics

The correct answer is: Phenolic disinfectants

Phenolic disinfectants are derived from formaldehyde and can be characterized by their high pH levels. These characteristics make them effective antiseptics and disinfectants, but they also pose risks, particularly in terms of skin and eye irritation or damage upon contact. Their chemical structure allows them to penetrate bacteria and viruses, making them powerful agents against pathogens, but this same potency can result in adverse effects on human skin and mucous membranes. In contrast, the other options do not share the same properties as phenolic disinfectants. Bleach, for example, is a chlorine-based compound that functions as a disinfectant but does not derive from formaldehyde. Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) are often used for surface disinfection and are typically less aggressive and lower in pH than phenolics. Antiseptics can include a wide range of substances aimed at reducing infection risk, but they do not specifically have the unique characteristics tied to formaldehyde or the associated high pH and potential for skin or eye damage. Thus, the choice of phenolic disinfectants correctly identifies a substance that not only fits the criteria of being a formaldehyde derivative but also is known for its high pH and risks to skin and eyes.